{"id":24465,"date":"2024-06-03T16:57:44","date_gmt":"2024-06-03T20:57:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/?page_id=24465"},"modified":"2025-10-07T12:17:01","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T16:17:01","slug":"pd1-and-pdl1-inhibitors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/pd1-and-pdl1-inhibitors\/","title":{"rendered":"PD-1 &#038; PD-L1 for Mesothelioma"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>PD-1 &amp; PD-L1 and Mesothelioma Explained<\/h2>\n<p>PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are two types of <a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/\">immunotherapy drugs<\/a> that can be used to treat mesothelioma, an aggressive cancer caused by asbestos. They are also known as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 medications and work by turning off specific proteins that cancer cells can use to hide from the immune system.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors for mesothelioma include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul class='columns-2'>\n<li>Atezolizumab (Tecentriq\u00ae)<\/li>\n<li>Avelumab (Bavencio\u00ae)<\/li>\n<li>Durvalumab (Imfinzi\u00ae)<\/li>\n<li>Nivolumab (Opdivo\u00ae)<\/li>\n<li>Pembrolizumab (Keytruda\u00ae)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<p>A <strong>2025 study<\/strong> of more than 1,300 people with pleural mesothelioma found that PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors helped patients live longer than chemotherapy. About 6 in 10 people were still alive after one year, and many had their cancer shrink or stop growing.<\/p>\n<h2>Key Facts on PD-1 &amp; PD-L1 and Mesothelioma<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Types of mesothelioma treated:<\/strong> Pleural mesothelioma (which develops in the lining of the lungs) and peritoneal mesothelioma (which affects the abdominal lining)<\/li>\n<li><strong>When PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are used:<\/strong> Typically given through an intravenous (IV) injection and combined with other treatments like chemotherapy and surgery<\/li>\n<li><strong>Potential side effects:<\/strong> Constipation, cough, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, skin rash, and other flu-like symptoms<\/li>\n<li><strong>Patient eligibility factors:<\/strong> Cancer type, stage, and overall health<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Get our <strong>Free Immunotherapy Guide<\/strong> to learn how PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors and other immunotherapy treatments could help you live longer.<\/p>\n<div id=\"23756\" class=\"one-off-23756 widget widget_oscar-vque one-off\" data-vqueid=\"23756\"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-style=\"one-off\">.one-off-23756{margin:60px auto}.one-off-23756 a{box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);display:block;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#B1E5EA 0,#0FAEBF 100%);padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;position:relative;overflow:hidden;max-width:350px;margin:0 auto}.one-off-23756 a::before{background:#EDF8F9;border-radius:0 0 50% 50%;content:'';position:absolute;top:0;height:87%;width:140%;left:-70px;z-index:0}.one-off-23756 .vque-content,.one-off-23756 .image-wrap{z-index:1;position:relative}.one-off-23756 .image-wrap{max-width:163px;display:block;margin:15px auto -21px}.one-off-23756 .heading{font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-align:center;display:block;max-width:340px;margin:5px auto 25px}.one-off-23756 ul{max-width:160px;list-style:none;margin:-10px auto 22px;text-align:left;font-size:16px;line-height:27px}.one-off-23756 ul li{margin:0;position:relative;padding-left:28px}.one-off-23756 ul li::before{font-family:\"mesohope\"!important;speak:none;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;content:\"\\e904\";background:#0FAEBF;width:14px;height:14px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:7px;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;font-size:7px;text-align:center;line-height:14px}.one-off-23756 p{text-align:center}.one-off-23756 .button{padding:12px 16px}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.one-off-23756 a{max-width:620px;padding:25px 50px 29px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px}.one-off-23756 a::before{border-radius:0 0 100% 0;height:83%;width:70%;right:-70px;left:unset}.one-off-23756 a::after{background:#EDF8F9;border-radius:0;content:'';position:absolute;top:0;height:82%;width:50%;left:0;z-index:0}.one-off-23756 .heading{text-align:left;margin:5px 0 25px}.one-off-23756 ul{margin:-10px 0 22px}.one-off-23756 .image-wrap{max-width:unset;position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;margin:0 0 -2px}.one-off-23756 p{text-align:left}}<\/style><a href=\"\/immunotherapy-guide\/\" title=\"Get Your Free Immunotherapy Guide\" class=\"cte\" data-ce-category=\"In-Content Ads\" data-ce-label=\"Get Your Free Immunotherapy Guide Ad\"><div>\r\n    <div class=\"vque-content\">\r\n        <strong class=\"heading\">Get Your Free Immunotherapy Guide<\/strong>\r\n        <ul>\r\n            <li>When it\u2019s used<\/li>\r\n            <li>Types of drugs<\/li>\r\n            <li>Side effects<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n        <p><strong class=\"button arrow\" title=\"Get Your Free Guide\">Get Your Free Guide<\/strong><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/download-immunotherapy-guide.png\" alt=\"Free Immunotherapy Guide\" class=\"lazyload\" ><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<h2>How Do PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Work?<\/h2>\n<p>Anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 medications belong to a specific class of immunotherapy drugs known as <a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/checkpoint-inhibitors\/\">immune checkpoint inhibitors<\/a>. They work by blocking proteins that mesothelioma cells use to hide from T cells. The immune system makes T cells to destroy cancer.<\/p>\n<p><strong>The proteins targeted include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1), a protein found on T cells (T lymphocytes)<\/li>\n<li>PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1), a protein is made by cancer cells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-24299 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/checkpoint-inhibitors-300x273.jpg\" alt=\"Illustration of how PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors help the immune system attack mesothelioma tumor cells\" width=\"300\" height=\"273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/checkpoint-inhibitors-300x273.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/checkpoint-inhibitors-110x100.jpg 110w, https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/checkpoint-inhibitors.jpg 544w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>T cells use PD-1 to find out whether a cell is healthy or harmful. However, mesothelioma cells can bind PD-L1 to the PD-1 receptors on T cells. This sends an &#8220;off&#8221; signal to T cells, preventing them from attacking cancer cells.<\/p>\n<p>PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors block the proteins from binding to one another. This prevents mesothelioma from sneaking past the immune system and creates a cytotoxic effect, meaning more of the cancer cells can be destroyed.<\/p>\n<div class=\"callout-shortcode\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.callout-shortcode{background:#EDF8F9;border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:20px 20px 20px 24px;margin:40px 0;max-width:860px;position:relative}.callout-shortcode:before{content:\" \";position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;width:4px;height:100%;left:0;background:linear-gradient(180deg, #0FAEBF 0%, #EDF8F9 100%)}.callout-shortcode .callout-shortcode-heading{color:#100134;font-size:22px;display:block;margin:0 0 15px}.callout-shortcode:first-child{margin-top:0}.callout-shortcode:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.callout-shortcode .img-wrap{margin-bottom:20px}.callout-shortcode.hope>strong{padding-top:17px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:74px}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap{left:22px;position:absolute;top:20px;width:59px}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap:before{background:#fff url(\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mh-icon-65.png);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:70%;border-radius:30px;bottom:-10px;content:\"\";display:block;height:30px;position:absolute;right:-10px;width:30px}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.callout-shortcode{padding:25px 25px 25px 34px}.callout-shortcode .callout-shortcode-heading{font-size:24px}.callout-shortcode .img-wrap{margin-bottom:0}.callout-shortcode.has-img{min-height:170px;padding-left:175px}.callout-shortcode.has-img .img-wrap{position:absolute;left:29px;top:25px;width:119px}.callout-shortcode.hope.has-img{padding-left:170px}.callout-shortcode.hope>strong{padding:0}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap{width:109px}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap:before{background-size:66%;bottom:-15px;height:42px;width:42px}}<\/style><div class=\"content\"><p><a href=\"\/about\/contact\/\">Contact our registered nurses today<\/a> to learn if PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors could help you after a mesothelioma diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Types of PD-1 and PD-L1 Medications for Mesothelioma<\/h2>\n<p>There are different immunotherapies that target PD-1 and PD-L1 to treat mesothelioma. Learn about the most common medications below.<\/p>\n<h3>PD-1 Inhibitors<\/h3>\n<p>PD-1 inhibitors prevent the PD-1 found on T cells from binding to PD-L1 on mesothelioma cells. Two notable PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors for mesothelioma are Keytruda and Opdivo.<\/p>\n<h4>Nivolumab (Opdivo\u00ae)<\/h4>\n<p>The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Opdivo to treat malignant <a href=\"\/mesothelioma\/pleural\/\">pleural mesothelioma<\/a> in combination with ipilimumab (Yervoy\u00ae), another class of immunotherapy drug. Yervoy blocks a different protein called CTLA-4 that mesothelioma cells can use to hide from T cells.<\/p>\n<p>When given as an initial first-line treatment, <a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/opdivo-yervoy\/\">Opdivo and Yervoy<\/a> helped pleural mesothelioma patients live <strong>4 months<\/strong> longer than those treated with chemotherapy drugs like pemetrexed and cisplatin in the phase III Checkmate 743 trial.<\/p>\n<h4>Pembrolizumab (Keytruda\u00ae)<\/h4>\n<p>The FDA has approved <a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/keytruda\/\">Keytruda<\/a>\u00a0as an initial treatment for mesothelioma. This approval came in September 2024 after clinical trials showed it helped mesothelioma patients live longer when combined with chemotherapy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Trials continue to show that Keytruda can treat the two most common types of mesothelioma:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Peritoneal mesothelioma:<\/strong> When given Keytruda, peritoneal mesothelioma patients had an average life expectancy of <strong>20.9 months<\/strong>, according to a March 2023 study in <em>Oncology<\/em>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pleural mesothelioma:<\/strong> A December 2023 study in <em>The Lancet f<\/em>ound that pleural mesothelioma patients lived <strong>17.3 months<\/strong> on average when treated with Keytruda and chemotherapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"did-you-know icon-bell\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.did-you-know{background:#F3F2F0;border-radius:10px;margin:40px 0;padding:20px 20px 20px 80px;position:relative}.did-you-know:before{position:absolute;left:20px;top:20px;width:45px;height:45px;background:#0FAEBF;border-radius:50px;color:#fff;text-align:center;line-height:45px;font-size:27px}.did-you-know .heading{font-size:24px;color:#100134;padding:10px 0;display:block;margin:0 0 5px}.did-you-know h2,.did-you-know .h2,.did-you-know h3,.did-you-know .h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.14}@media screen and (min-width: 1024px){.did-you-know{padding:25px 25px 25px 90px}.did-you-know:before{left:25px;top:25px}.did-you-know .heading{padding:8px 0}.did-you-know h2,.did-you-know .h2,.did-you-know h3,.did-you-know .h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.14}}<\/style><strong class=\"heading\">Did You Know?<\/strong><p>According to a 2024 <em>Frontiers in Oncology<\/em> case study, a 67-year-old pleural mesothelioma patient went into <a href=\"\/mesothelioma\/prognosis\/remission-recurrence\/\"><strong>complete remission<\/strong><\/a> after receiving third-line immunotherapy with Keytruda. Despite earlier treatments with surgery and chemotherapy showing limited results, he has survived more than 7 years since his diagnosis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h3>PD-L1 Inhibitors<\/h3>\n<p>PD-L1 inhibitors block cancer cells from using the PD-L1 they create to bind to T cells and turn off the body\u2019s immune response.<\/p>\n<p>The three main PD-L1 inhibitors for mesothelioma are Tecentriq, Bavencio, and Imfinzi. Currently, these medications are only available in clinical trials.<\/p>\n<h4>Atezolizumab (Tecentriq\u00ae)<\/h4>\n<p>Tecentriq has been shown to help peritoneal mesothelioma patients live longer when used in combination with bevacizumab (Avastin\u00ae).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results of a 2021 study released in <em>Cancer Discovery<\/em> found that:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The overall 1-year overall survival rate of patients treated with Tecentriq and Avastin was <strong>85%<\/strong>. This means that more than 8 in 10 patients were still alive a year after treatment.<\/li>\n<li>The 1-year progression-free <a href=\"\/mesothelioma\/prognosis\/survival-rate\/\">survival rate<\/a> was <strong>61%<\/strong>, meaning the cancer stopped growing for a year in more than 6 out of 10 patients.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A current National Cancer Institute (NCI) trial is studying if Tecentriq can help peritoneal mesothelioma patients who are also receiving <a href=\"\/treatment\/chemotherapy\/\">chemotherapy<\/a> and surgery live longer. This study is expected to be finished in 2025.<\/p>\n<h4>Avelumab (Bavencio\u00ae)<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/avelumab\/\">Bavencio<\/a> is a type of immunotherapy made by EMD Serono and Pfizer. It helps the body\u2019s immune system find and attack cancer cells.<\/p>\n<p>Right now, Bavencio is approved to treat certain cancers, such as Merkel cell carcinoma (a rare skin cancer) and urothelial carcinoma (a type of bladder cancer). Researchers are also studying Bavencio to see if it can help people with mesothelioma.<\/p>\n<p>In a 2023 study published in <em>JTO Clinical and Research Reports,<\/em> people with mesothelioma who received Bavencio together with radiation therapy lived for about one year on average.<\/p>\n<p>All of the people in the study had already been treated for mesothelioma before, but their cancer had come back or gotten worse before starting Bavencio.<\/p>\n<h4>Durvalumab (Imfinzi\u00ae)<\/h4>\n<p><a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/durvalumab\/\">Imfinzi<\/a> is manufactured by AstraZeneca. Many studies show how Imfinzi can help mesothelioma patients, particularly when used along with another immunotherapy called <a href=\"\/treatment\/immunotherapy\/tremelimumab\/\">tremelimumab (Imjudo\u00ae)<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>These include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Baylor College of Medicine trial:<\/strong> Thoracic oncology (cancer) doctors are studying whether Imfinzi, Imjudo, and chemotherapy will help mesothelioma patients live longer than those treated with just Imfinzi and Imjudo. The results are expected in 2028.<\/li>\n<li><strong>NIBIT-MESO-1 trial:<\/strong> Pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma patients had an average life expectancy of 16.6 months when treated with a combination of Imfinzi and Imjudo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PrE0505 trial:<\/strong> Pleural mesothelioma patients lived 20.4 months on average when treated with Imfinzi and chemotherapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Get our <strong>Free Immunotherapy Guide<\/strong> to see how checkpoint inhibitors for mesothelioma can help you or a loved one.<\/p>\n<div id=\"23756\" class=\"one-off-23756 widget widget_oscar-vque one-off\" data-vqueid=\"23756\"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-style=\"one-off\">.one-off-23756{margin:60px auto}.one-off-23756 a{box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);display:block;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#B1E5EA 0,#0FAEBF 100%);padding:20px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;position:relative;overflow:hidden;max-width:350px;margin:0 auto}.one-off-23756 a::before{background:#EDF8F9;border-radius:0 0 50% 50%;content:'';position:absolute;top:0;height:87%;width:140%;left:-70px;z-index:0}.one-off-23756 .vque-content,.one-off-23756 .image-wrap{z-index:1;position:relative}.one-off-23756 .image-wrap{max-width:163px;display:block;margin:15px auto -21px}.one-off-23756 .heading{font-size:24px;line-height:28px;text-align:center;display:block;max-width:340px;margin:5px auto 25px}.one-off-23756 ul{max-width:160px;list-style:none;margin:-10px auto 22px;text-align:left;font-size:16px;line-height:27px}.one-off-23756 ul li{margin:0;position:relative;padding-left:28px}.one-off-23756 ul li::before{font-family:\"mesohope\"!important;speak:none;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;content:\"\\e904\";background:#0FAEBF;width:14px;height:14px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:7px;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;font-size:7px;text-align:center;line-height:14px}.one-off-23756 p{text-align:center}.one-off-23756 .button{padding:12px 16px}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.one-off-23756 a{max-width:620px;padding:25px 50px 29px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px}.one-off-23756 a::before{border-radius:0 0 100% 0;height:83%;width:70%;right:-70px;left:unset}.one-off-23756 a::after{background:#EDF8F9;border-radius:0;content:'';position:absolute;top:0;height:82%;width:50%;left:0;z-index:0}.one-off-23756 .heading{text-align:left;margin:5px 0 25px}.one-off-23756 ul{margin:-10px 0 22px}.one-off-23756 .image-wrap{max-width:unset;position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;margin:0 0 -2px}.one-off-23756 p{text-align:left}}<\/style><a href=\"\/immunotherapy-guide\/\" title=\"Get Your Free Immunotherapy Guide\" class=\"cte\" data-ce-category=\"In-Content Ads\" data-ce-label=\"Get Your Free Immunotherapy Guide Ad\"><div>\r\n    <div class=\"vque-content\">\r\n        <strong class=\"heading\">Get Your Free Immunotherapy Guide<\/strong>\r\n        <ul>\r\n            <li>When it\u2019s used<\/li>\r\n            <li>Types of drugs<\/li>\r\n            <li>Side effects<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n        <p><strong class=\"button arrow\" title=\"Get Your Free Guide\">Get Your Free Guide<\/strong><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/download-immunotherapy-guide.png\" alt=\"Free Immunotherapy Guide\" class=\"lazyload\" ><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<h2>How Are PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Used to Treat Mesothelioma?<\/h2>\n<p>PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are often used in combination with other <a href=\"\/treatment\/\">mesothelioma treatments<\/a> to help patients live longer.<\/p>\n<p>Many studies have demonstrated that multimodal therapy (the use of two or more treatments) improves survival compared to monotherapy (where only one PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitor is used).<\/p>\n<div class=\"infographic-shortcode-container\" id=\"infographic-24489\"><div class=\"arrow-bar-chart-infographic\">\r\n<b class=\"h2\">Average Life Expectancy With Treatment<\/b>\r\n<ul class=\"arrow-bar-chart\">\r\n<li><span class=\"arrow-bar color1\"><\/span>Immunotherapy<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">:<\/span> <span class=\"b\"><b>18.1<\/b> months<\/span><\/li>\r\n<li class=\"shorter\"><span class=\"arrow-bar color2\"><\/span>Chemotherapy<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">:<\/span> <span class=\"b\"><b>14<\/b> months<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div><style type=\"text\/css\">#infographic-24489{margin:30px auto;max-width:300px;position:relative;z-index:1}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic{border:1px solid #bbb;color:#101010;line-height:1.3;padding:20px;text-align:center}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic .h2{color:#101010;font-size:23px;line-height:1.3;margin:0 0 7px}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic ul{display:block;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:baseline;list-style:none;margin:0 -4px}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic li{font-size:15px;font-weight:bold;margin:0;padding:0 4px;width:50%}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic .arrow-bar{background:rgb(181,164,222);background:-moz-linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(181,164,222,1) 0,rgba(235,230,248,1) 100%);background:-webkit-linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(181,164,222,1) 0,rgba(235,230,248,1) 100%);background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(181,164,222,1) 0,rgba(235,230,248,1) 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=\"#b5a4de\",endColorstr=\"#ebe6f8\",GradientType=1);display:block;height:115px;margin-bottom:10px;width:100%}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic .arrow-bar:before{background:#fff;content:'';-webkit-clip-path:polygon(0 0,52% 0,0 102%);clip-path:polygon(0 0,52% 0,0 102%);display:block;height:24px;left:1px;position:absolute;top:-1px;width:100%}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic .arrow-bar:after{background:#fff;content:'';-webkit-clip-path:polygon(100% 0,48% 0,98% 100%);clip-path:polygon(100% 0,48% 0,98% 100%);display:block;height:24px;position:absolute;right:1px;top:-1px;width:100%}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic .arrow-bar.color2{background:rgb(163,219,224);background:-moz-linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(163,219,224,1) 0,rgba(236,248,249,1) 100%);background:-webkit-linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(163,219,224,1) 0,rgba(236,248,249,1) 100%);background:linear-gradient(180deg,rgba(163,219,224,1) 0,rgba(236,248,249,1) 100%);filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.gradient(startColorstr=\"#a3dbe0\",endColorstr=\"#ecf8f9\",GradientType=1)}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic li.shorter .arrow-bar{height:94px}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic span.b{font-size:16px;font-weight:bold;left:0;line-height:1;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:55px}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic span.b b{display:block;font-size:28px;margin-top:4px}#infographic-24489 .arrow-bar-chart-infographic li.shorter span.b{top:34px}#infographic-24489 em{display:block;font-size:12px;margin-top:4px;text-align:center;line-height:19px}@media screen and (min-width:768px){#infographic-24489{float:right;margin:0 0 30px 40px}}<\/style><\/div>\n<p><strong>Doctors can use PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors with:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Chemotherapy:<\/strong> Cancer-killing medication can shrink tumors, while T cells fight mesothelioma cells. Combining these treatments can be very helpful for mesothelioma that can\u2019t be removed with <a href=\"\/treatment\/surgery\/\">surgery<\/a> (known as unresectable cancer).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Other immunotherapies<\/strong>: Combining PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors with other cancer immunotherapy drugs can enhance the immune response by targeting different immune checkpoints simultaneously.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Radiation:<\/strong> Beams of energy shrink tumors while PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors help T cells kill mesothelioma cells.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Surgery:<\/strong> Doctors remove cancer tumors from the body, and PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors allow the immune system to kill remaining cancer cells.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Which treatments will be used in your particular case depends on factors like the type of mesothelioma you have, how far it has spread, and your overall health.<\/p>\n<h2>Clinical Trials for PD-1 &amp; PD-L1 and Mesothelioma<\/h2>\n<p>Doctors across the country are conducting <a href=\"\/treatment\/clinical-trials\/\">mesothelioma clinical trials<\/a> on PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.<\/p>\n<p>The goal of this research is to see how these medications can more effectively treat mesothelioma, depending on unique patient characteristics such as cancer type and stage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Some ongoing mesothelioma PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor trials include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DREAM3R trial: <\/strong>Doctors are investigating whether combining the PD-1 inhibitor Imfinzi with standard chemotherapy can improve overall survival.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kimmel Cancer Center Opdivo trial:<\/strong> Researchers are studying how Opdivo with or without Yervoy could help pleural mesothelioma patients before undergoing surgery. This phase II trial is expected to be completed in 2026.<\/li>\n<li><strong>REGOMUNE trial:<\/strong> Researchers are trying to find out whether Bavencio could help patients with metastatic (advanced) mesothelioma or other solid tumors live longer. Patients will receive Bavencio and another medication known as regorafenib (Stivarga\u00ae).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Many of these are multicenter clinical trials, meaning several cancer centers across the country are enrolling eligible patients.<\/p>\n<p>Use our <strong>Free Doctor Match<\/strong> to find specialists near you who can determine if you qualify for immunotherapy clinical trials.<\/p>\n<div id=\"25223\" class=\"one-off-25223 widget widget_oscar-vque one-off\" data-vqueid=\"25223\"><style type=\"text\/css\" data-style=\"one-off\">.one-off-25223{margin:60px auto}.one-off-25223 a{box-shadow:0 4px 4px 0 rgba(0,0,0,.25);display:block;background:#e4f4f6;padding:20px 25px 200px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;position:relative;overflow:hidden;max-width:360px;margin:0 auto}.one-off-25223 a::before{background:#0FAEBF;border-radius:50% 50% 0 0;content:'';position:absolute;bottom:0;height:19%;width:135%;left:-60px;z-index:0}.one-off-25223 .vque-content,.one-off-25223 .image-wrap{z-index:1;position:relative}.one-off-25223 .image-wrap{width:100%;position:absolute;left:-10px;bottom:-15px}.one-off-25223 .image-wrap img{position:absolute;bottom:0;width:100%;max-width:unset;left:0}.one-off-25223 .heading{font-size:27px;line-height:33px;text-align:center;display:block;max-width:340px;margin:5px auto 25px}.one-off-25223 ul{list-style:none;margin:-10px auto 22px;text-align:left;font-size:16px;line-height:26px}.one-off-25223 ul li{margin:0 0 15px;position:relative;padding-left:35px}.one-off-25223 ul li::before{font-family:\"mesohope\"!important;speak:none;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;font-variant:normal;text-transform:none;line-height:1;content:\"\\e904\";background:#0FAEBF;width:21px;height:21px;display:block;position:absolute;left:0;top:4px;border-radius:50%;color:#fff;font-size:11px;text-align:center;line-height:21px}.one-off-25223 p{text-align:center}.one-off-25223 .button{padding:12px 16px;display:block}@media screen and (min-width:768px){.one-off-25223 a{max-width:620px;padding:30px 30px 35px;border-radius:0 0 4px 4px}.one-off-25223 a::before{border-radius:50%;height:155%;width:150%;right:-550px;left:unset;bottom:-295px}.one-off-25223 .heading{text-align:left;margin:2px 0 25px;max-width:unset;font-size:24px}.one-off-25223 ul{margin:-7px 0 30px;max-width:365px;line-height:23px}.one-off-25223 ul li::before{top:1px}.one-off-25223 .image-wrap{max-width:unset;position:absolute;right:-25px;bottom:-35px;margin:0 0 -2px;left:unset;width:380px}.one-off-25223 .image-wrap img{position:relative;bottom:0;left:0;width:380px}.one-off-25223 .button{display:inline-block;padding:14px 25px}.one-off-25223 p{text-align:left}}@media screen and (min-width:1150px){.one-off-25223 a{padding:30px}}<\/style><a href=\"\/get-matched\/\" title=\"Get Matched With a Mesothelioma Doctor\" class=\"cte\" data-ce-category=\"In-Content Ads\" data-ce-label=\"Get Matched With a Mesothelioma Doctor Ad\"><div>\r\n    <div class=\"vque-content\">\r\n        <strong class=\"heading\">Get Matched With a Mesothelioma Doctor<\/strong>\r\n        <ul>\r\n            <li>Find top specialists near you<\/li>\r\n            <li>Seek compensation for travel & care<\/li>\r\n            <li>Get medical guidance<\/li>\r\n        <\/ul>\r\n        <p><strong class=\"button arrow\" title=\"Get Matched Now\">Get Matched Now<\/strong><\/p>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"image-wrap\"><img decoding=\"async\"  src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Doctors-ad.png\" alt=\"Get Matched With a Mesothelioma Doctor\" class=\"lazyload\" ><\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/a><\/div>\n<h2>Side Effects of PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors for Mesothelioma<\/h2>\n<p>PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors can cause side effects because T cells may kill healthy cells in addition to cancer cells.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Common side effects of PD-1\/PD-L1 inhibitors include:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/p>\n<ul class='columns-2'>\n<li>Cough<\/li>\n<li>Diarrhea<\/li>\n<li>Fatigue<\/li>\n<li>Muscle and joint pain<\/li>\n<li>Nausea<\/li>\n<li>Skin rash<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\n<p>Some patients may experience more severe or rare side effects, like autoimmune reactions that make it harder to treat mesothelioma.<\/p>\n<p>Your health care team will monitor you for potential side effects of PD-1 or PD-L1 mesothelioma treatments and can help manage them as they arise.<\/p>\n<h2>What to Expect During PD-1 and PD-L1 Treatment Sessions<\/h2>\n<p>Here&#8217;s what you can expect while undergoing PD-1 and PD-L1 treatment for mesothelioma:<\/p>\n<h3>1. Receive PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitor Infusions<\/h3>\n<p>You\u2019ll typically receive PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor infusions in a single arm through an IV. The infusions are given in cycles, meaning you\u2019ll receive one every 2-6 weeks and then have a rest period so your body can recover.<\/p>\n<p>Your infusion schedule may vary based on your treatment plan, <a href=\"\/mesothelioma\/stages\/\">mesothelioma stage<\/a>, and overall health.<\/p>\n<h3>2. Watch for Potential Drug Reactions and Side Effects<\/h3>\n<p>The main goal of PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitor treatment is to destroy as much of the cancer as possible. However, you could experience side effects because these treatments will cause your immune system to kill both healthy and bad cells.<\/p>\n<p>Your doctors will closely monitor you for any adverse events (side effects) and help manage them.<\/p>\n<p>Be sure to tell a member of your medical team if you start to feel unwell. They can recommend medications and other options to reduce uncomfortable side effects.<\/p>\n<h3>3. Monitor Cancer and Adjust Treatments<\/h3>\n<p>Your doctors will monitor how your mesothelioma tumors respond during and after treatment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>This includes:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Conducting imaging tests to monitor tumor size and spread<\/li>\n<li>Noting changes in mesothelioma symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Performing blood tests to check for biomarkers (signs that cancer is present)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If your tumors don\u2019t respond to PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors for mesothelioma, your cancer care team can adjust your treatment plan to include other therapies that could help you live longer.<\/p>\n<h2>How Much Do PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors Cost?<\/h2>\n<p>The cost of PD-1 and PD-L1 treatment varies depending on the drug(s) used, your insurance plan, and other factors.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Here\u2019s a cost breakdown by the type of inhibitor:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Opdivo:<\/strong> Without insurance, one infusion of Opdivo and Yervoy costs <strong>$28,292.<\/strong> You\u2019ll most likely need to get more than one infusion.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Keytruda:<\/strong> An infusion of Keytruda costs <strong>$11,337.36<\/strong> before insurance.<\/li>\n<li><strong>All other PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors:<\/strong> You can only access the other inhibitors through clinical trials, which are free to join. However, you must meet specific criteria to enroll in a study.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"callout-shortcode\"><style type=\"text\/css\">.callout-shortcode{background:#EDF8F9;border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;padding:20px 20px 20px 24px;margin:40px 0;max-width:860px;position:relative}.callout-shortcode:before{content:\" \";position:absolute;top:0;bottom:0;width:4px;height:100%;left:0;background:linear-gradient(180deg, #0FAEBF 0%, #EDF8F9 100%)}.callout-shortcode .callout-shortcode-heading{color:#100134;font-size:22px;display:block;margin:0 0 15px}.callout-shortcode:first-child{margin-top:0}.callout-shortcode:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.callout-shortcode .img-wrap{margin-bottom:20px}.callout-shortcode.hope>strong{padding-top:17px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:74px}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap{left:22px;position:absolute;top:20px;width:59px}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap:before{background:#fff url(\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/mh-icon-65.png);background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:70%;border-radius:30px;bottom:-10px;content:\"\";display:block;height:30px;position:absolute;right:-10px;width:30px}@media screen and (min-width: 768px){.callout-shortcode{padding:25px 25px 25px 34px}.callout-shortcode .callout-shortcode-heading{font-size:24px}.callout-shortcode .img-wrap{margin-bottom:0}.callout-shortcode.has-img{min-height:170px;padding-left:175px}.callout-shortcode.has-img .img-wrap{position:absolute;left:29px;top:25px;width:119px}.callout-shortcode.hope.has-img{padding-left:170px}.callout-shortcode.hope>strong{padding:0}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap{width:109px}.callout-shortcode.hope .img-wrap:before{background-size:66%;bottom:-15px;height:42px;width:42px}}<\/style><div class=\"content\"><p>Call <a href=\"tel:+18666088933\" title=\"Click to call (866) 608-8933\" class=\"in-content-tel-link\" data-ce-category=\"Click to Call\" data-ce-label=\"(866) 608-8933\">(866) 608-8933<\/a> now to learn how we can help you pursue financial assistance for mesothelioma PD-1 and PD-L1 treatments.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Learn if PD-1 or PD-L1 Inhibitors for Mesothelioma Are Right for You<\/h2>\n<p>PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors show promise in helping mesothelioma patients live longer.<\/p>\n<p>With some inhibitors like Opdivo and Keytruda already approved and more being studied in clinical trials, the hope is that these immunotherapies will give patients more time to spend with their families. In some cases, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors could even send mesothelioma into remission.<\/p>\n<p>If you or a loved one was recently diagnosed with mesothelioma, <strong>we can connect you with doctors who can see if PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors<\/strong> are a good fit for your case.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/get-matched\/\">Use our Free Doctor Match<\/a> to find immunotherapy cancer specialists near you right now.<\/p>\n<div class=\"faq-wrap\"><h2 class=\"faq-wrap-heading\">PD-1 & PD-L1 and Mesothelioma FAQs<\/h2><div class=\"faq\" data-faq=\"1\"><h3 class=\"faq-heading\">What is PD-1 in mesothelioma?<\/h3><div><p>PD-1 is a protein made by your immune system\u2019s T cells. The T cells use PD-1 to determine which cells are healthy and which cells are harmful.<\/p>\n<p>In cases of mesothelioma, tumor cells make their own protein called PD-L1. Mesothelioma binds PD-L1 to the PD-1 of T cells. This prevents the T cells from destroying the mesothelioma cells.<\/p>\n<p>Doctors can use immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors to prevent this binding process from happening. With the addition of these medications, your T cells can destroy more cancer cells.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"faq\" data-faq=\"2\"><h3 class=\"faq-heading\">What is the best immunotherapy for mesothelioma?<\/h3><div><p>Some of the best immunotherapies for mesothelioma are PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.<\/p>\n<p>The anti-PD-1 drugs <strong>nivolumab (Opdivo\u00ae)<\/strong> and <strong>pembrolizumab (Keytruda\u00ae)<\/strong> are both FDA-approved to treat mesothelioma. Other PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are showing success in clinical trials.<\/p>\n<p>The best immunotherapy drugs for your case will depend on the type and stage of your cancer, your overall health, and other factors.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"\/about\/contact\/\">Contact our team today<\/a> for help finding the best mesothelioma immunotherapy treatment options for you or a loved one.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"faq\" data-faq=\"3\"><h3 class=\"faq-heading\">What is the success rate of immunotherapy for mesothelioma?<\/h3><div><p>PD-L1 and PD-1 immunotherapy drugs can often very successfully treat mesothelioma patients. In the CheckMate 743 trial testing Opdivo with ipilimumab (Yervoy\u00ae), patients who received immunotherapy lived for <strong>18.1 months<\/strong> \u2014 4 months longer than those treated with chemotherapy.<\/p>\n<p>Other PD-1 &amp; PD-L1 and mesothelioma trials have shown how these inhibitors can help patients live longer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"faq\" data-faq=\"4\"><h3 class=\"faq-heading\">How long do side effects from PD-1 or PD-L1 drugs last?<\/h3><div><p>The length of any side effects or toxicity from PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors varies from patient to patient. Common side effects like fatigue, rash, nausea, and diarrhea typically resolve within a few weeks.<\/p>\n<p>For more serious side effects, including immune-related reactions, doctors may need to pause or stop using PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"faq\" data-faq=\"5\"><h3 class=\"faq-heading\">How long does PD-1\/PD-L1 treatment for mesothelioma last?<\/h3><div><p>The duration of PD-1\/PD-L1 mesothelioma treatment can vary based on several factors, including the patient&#8217;s response to treatment, their cancer stage, and the specific treatment plan prescribed by their oncologist.<\/p>\n<p>Some patients may undergo limited treatment for a few weeks or months. Others may continue treatment for 1-2 years or longer if they are still responding well to the drug(s) and not experiencing significant side effects.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"faq\" data-faq=\"6\"><h3 class=\"faq-heading\">What cancers can PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors treat?<\/h3><div><p>The PD-1 inhibitors Opdivo and Keytruda are currently approved to treat <strong>pleural mesothelioma.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Other PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors like atezolizumab (Tecentriq\u00ae), avelumab (Bavencio\u00ae), and durvalumab (Imfinzi\u00ae) are being used to treat pleural and <strong>peritoneal mesothelioma<\/strong> in clinical trials.<\/p>\n<p>These medications can also be used to treat <strong>small cell and non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, carcinoma, and other cancers.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\",\"name\": \"What is PD-1 in mesothelioma?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\": \"Answer\",\"text\": \"&lt;p&gt;PD-1 is a protein made by your immune system\u2019s T cells. The T cells use PD-1 to determine which cells are healthy and which cells are harmful.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;In cases of mesothelioma, tumor cells make their own protein called PD-L1. Mesothelioma binds PD-L1 to the PD-1 of T cells. This prevents the T cells from destroying the mesothelioma cells.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;Doctors can use immunotherapy drugs called PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors to prevent this binding process from happening. With the addition of these medications, your T cells can destroy more cancer cells.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\"}},{\"@type\": \"Question\",\"name\": \"What is the best immunotherapy for mesothelioma?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\": \"Answer\",\"text\": \"&lt;p&gt;Some of the best immunotherapies for mesothelioma are PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors.&lt;\/p&gt;\n&lt;p&gt;The anti-PD-1 drugs &lt;strong&gt;nivolumab (Opdivo\u00ae)&lt;\/strong&gt; and &lt;strong&gt;pembrolizumab (Keytruda\u00ae)&lt;\/strong&gt; are both FDA-approved to treat mesothelioma. 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They are also known as anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 medications and work by turning off specific proteins that cancer cells can use to hide from the immune&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":49,"featured_media":0,"parent":768,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-24465","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24465","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24465"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/24465\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/768"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mesotheliomahope.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24465"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}